미미니모의 경제공부

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2023년 세계경제전망 보고서의 최근 국제통화기금(IMF) 전망에 따르면 2023년 말까지 세계 경제의 국내총생산(GDP)은 105조 달러, 즉 전년보다 5조 달러 증가할 것으로 예상됩니다.

 

https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD

 

www.imf.org



명목상으로는 전 세계 GDP가 5.3% 증가한 것입니다. 인플레이션을 조정하면 2.8% 증가한 것입니다.

❗2021 국내총생산(GDP)은 민간 부문과 공공 부문 모두가 주어진 시간 내에 생산한 경제 생산물(소비와 서비스)의 총 가치를 측정합니다. 이 기사에 사용된 모든 숫자는 특별한 규정이 없는 한 명목상의 수치이며 인플레이션을 고려하지 않습니다.

올해는 세계 경제의 혼란으로 시작되었으며, 금융 시장은 여러 중견 미국 은행의 붕괴와 함께 대부분의 국가에서 지속적인 인플레이션 및 긴축 통화 조건으로 흔들렸습니다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 일부 경제는 회복력이 있는 것으로 입증되었으며 2022년부터 성장을 기록할 것으로 예상됩니다.

 

2023년 경제 규모에 따른 국가 순위

미국은 2023년에도 GDP가 26.9조 달러로 예상되며, 이는 인도네시아(17위)부터 투발루(191위)까지 174개국의 GDP를 합한 것보다 많은 것입니다.

중국은 2023년 19.4조 달러의 GDP로 2위를 꾸준히 유지하고 있습니다. 한 가지 주목할 만한 예외를 제외하고 상위 5개 경제국 대부분은 2022년부터 동일한 위치를 유지하고 있습니다.

인도는 2023년 GDP가 3조 7천억 달러로 예상되는 영국을 제치고 5위의 경제 대국이 될 것으로 예상됩니다.

IMF의 추정에 따르면 2023년 모든 국가의 경제 규모를 살펴봅니다.

Rank Country GDP (USD) % of Total
1 🇺🇸 U.S. $26,855B 25.54%
2 🇨🇳 China $19,374B 18.43%
3 🇯🇵 Japan $4,410B 4.19%
4 🇩🇪 Germany $4,309B 4.10%
5 🇮🇳 India $3,737B 3.55%
6 🇬🇧 UK $3,159B 3.00%
7 🇫🇷 France $2,923B 2.78%
8 🇮🇹 Italy $2,170B 2.06%
9 🇨🇦 Canada $2,090B 1.99%
10 🇧🇷 Brazil $2,081B 1.98%
11 🇷🇺 Russia $2,063B 1.96%
12 🇰🇷 South Korea $1,722B 1.64%
13 🇦🇺 Australia $1,708B 1.62%
14 🇲🇽 Mexico $1,663B 1.58%
15 🇪🇸 Spain $1,492B 1.42%
16 🇮🇩 Indonesia $1,392B 1.32%
17 🇳🇱 Netherlands $1,081B 1.03%
18 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia $1,062B 1.01%
19 🇹🇷 Türkiye $1,029B 0.98%
20 🇨🇭 Switzerland $870B 0.83%
21 🇹🇼 Taiwan $791B 0.75%
22 🇵🇱 Poland $749B 0.71%
23 🇦🇷 Argentina $641B 0.61%
24 🇧🇪 Belgium $624B 0.59%
25 🇸🇪 Sweden $599B 0.57%
26 🇮🇪 Ireland $594B 0.57%
27 🇹🇭 Thailand $574B 0.55%
28 🇳🇴 Norway $554B 0.53%
29 🇮🇱 Israel $539B 0.51%
30 🇸🇬 Singapore $516B 0.49%
31 🇦🇹 Austria $515B 0.49%
32 🇳🇬 Nigeria $507B 0.48%
33 🇦🇪 UAE $499B 0.47%
34 🇻🇳 Vietnam $449B 0.43%
35 🇲🇾 Malaysia $447B 0.43%
36 🇵🇭 Philippines $441B 0.42%
37 🇧🇩 Bangladesh $421B 0.40%
38 🇩🇰 Denmark $406B 0.39%
39 🇿🇦 South Africa $399B 0.38%
40 🇪🇬 Egypt $387B 0.37%
41 🇭🇰 Hong Kong $383B 0.36%
42 🇮🇷 Iran $368B 0.35%
43 🇨🇱 Chile $359B 0.34%
44 🇷🇴 Romania $349B 0.33%
45 🇨🇴 Colombia $335B 0.32%
46 🇨🇿 Czech Republic $330B 0.31%
47 🇫🇮 Finland $302B 0.29%
48 🇵🇪 Peru $268B 0.26%
49 🇮🇶 Iraq $268B 0.25%
50 🇵🇹 Portugal $268B 0.25%
51 🇳🇿 New Zealand $252B 0.24%
52 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan $246B 0.23%
53 🇬🇷 Greece $239B 0.23%
54 🇶🇦 Qatar $220B 0.21%
55 🇩🇿 Algeria $206B 0.20%
56 🇭🇺 Hungary $189B 0.18%
57 🇰🇼 Kuwait $165B 0.16%
58 🇪🇹 Ethiopia $156B 0.15%
59 🇺🇦 Ukraine $149B 0.14%
60 🇲🇦 Morocco $139B 0.13%
61 🇸🇰 Slovak
Republic
$128B 0.12%
62 🇪🇨 Ecuador $121B 0.12%
63 🇩🇴 Dominican
Republic
$121B 0.12%
64 🇵🇷 Puerto Rico $121B 0.11%
65 🇰🇪 Kenya $118B 0.11%
66 🇦🇴 Angola $118B 0.11%
67 🇴🇲 Oman $105B 0.10%
68 🇬🇹 Guatemala $102B 0.10%
69 🇧🇬 Bulgaria $101B 0.10%
70 🇻🇪 Venezuela $97B 0.09%
71 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan $92B 0.09%
72 🇱🇺 Luxembourg $87B 0.08%
73 🇹🇿 Tanzania $85B 0.08%
74 🇹🇲 Turkmenistan $83B 0.08%
75 🇭🇷 Croatia $79B 0.08%
76 🇱🇹 Lithuania $78B 0.07%
77 🇨🇷 Costa Rica $78B 0.07%
78 🇺🇾 Uruguay $77B 0.07%
79 🇵🇦 Panama $77B 0.07%
80 🇨🇮 Côte d'Ivoire $77B 0.07%
81 🇷🇸 Serbia $74B 0.07%
82 🇧🇾 Belarus $74B 0.07%
83 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan $70B 0.07%
84 🇨🇩 DRC $69B 0.07%
85 🇸🇮 Slovenia $68B 0.06%
86 🇬🇭 Ghana $67B 0.06%
87 🇲🇲 Myanmar $64B 0.06%
88 🇯🇴 Jordan $52B 0.05%
89 🇹🇳 Tunisia $50B 0.05%
90 🇺🇬 Uganda $50B 0.05%
91 🇨🇲 Cameroon $49B 0.05%
92 🇱🇻 Latvia $47B 0.05%
93 🇸🇩 Sudan $47B 0.04%
94 🇱🇾 Libya $46B 0.04%
95 🇧🇴 Bolivia $46B 0.04%
96 🇧🇭 Bahrain $45B 0.04%
97 🇵🇾 Paraguay $43B 0.04%
98 🇳🇵 Nepal $42B 0.04%
99 🇪🇪 Estonia $42B 0.04%
100 🇲🇴 Macao $36B 0.03%
101 🇭🇳 Honduras $34B 0.03%
102 🇸🇻 El Salvador $34B 0.03%
103 🇵🇬 Papua
New Guinea
$33B 0.03%
104 🇸🇳 Senegal $31B 0.03%
105 🇨🇾 Cyprus $31B 0.03%
106 🇰🇭 Cambodia $31B 0.03%
107 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe $30B 0.03%
108 🇿🇲 Zambia $29B 0.03%
109 🇮🇸 Iceland $29B 0.03%
110 🇧🇦 Bosnia &
Herzegovina
$28B 0.03%
111 🇹🇹 Trinidad
& Tobago
$28B 0.03%
112 🇬🇪 Georgia $28B 0.03%
113 🇭🇹 Haiti $27B 0.03%
114 🇦🇲 Armenia $24B 0.02%
115 🇬🇳 Guinea $23B 0.02%
116 🇧🇫 Burkina Faso $21B 0.02%
117 🇲🇱 Mali $21B 0.02%
118 🇬🇦 Gabon $20B 0.02%
119 🇦🇱 Albania $20B 0.02%
120 🇲🇿 Mozambique $20B 0.02%
121 🇧🇼 Botswana $20B 0.02%
122 🇾🇪 Yemen $20B 0.02%
123 🇲🇹 Malta $19B 0.02%
124 🇧🇯 Benin $19B 0.02%
125 🇵🇸 West Bank
& Gaza
$19B 0.02%
126 🇳🇮 Nicaragua $17B 0.02%
127 🇯🇲 Jamaica $17B 0.02%
128 🇲🇳 Mongolia $17B 0.02%
129 🇳🇪 Niger $17B 0.02%
130 🇬🇾 Guyana $16B 0.02%
131 🇲🇬 Madagascar $16B 0.02%
132 🇲🇩 Moldova $16B 0.02%
133 🇧🇳 Brunei Darussalam $16B 0.01%
134 🇲🇰 North Macedonia $15B 0.01%
135 🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea $15B 0.01%
136 🇲🇺 Mauritius $15B 0.01%
137 🇧🇸 Bahamas $14B 0.01%
138 🇱🇦 Laos $14B 0.01%
139 🇳🇦 Namibia $13B 0.01%
140 🇷🇼 Rwanda $13B 0.01%
141 🇨🇩 Congo $13B 0.01%
142 🇹🇯 Tajikistan $13B 0.01%
143 🇰🇬 Kyrgyz Republic $12B 0.01%
144 🇹🇩 Chad $12B 0.01%
145 🇲🇼 Malawi $11B 0.01%
146 🇲🇷 Mauritania $11B 0.01%
147 🇽🇰 Kosovo $10B 0.01%
148 🇹🇬 Togo $9B 0.01%
149 🇸🇴 Somalia $9B 0.01%
150 🇲🇪 Montenegro $7B 0.01%
151 🇸🇸 South Sudan $7B 0.01%
152 🇲🇻 Maldives $7B 0.01%
153 🇧🇧 Barbados $6B 0.01%
154 🇫🇯 Fiji $5B 0.01%
155 🇸🇿 Eswatini $5B 0.00%
156 🇱🇷 Liberia $4B 0.00%
157 🇩🇯 Djibouti $4B 0.00%
158 🇦🇩 Andorra $4B 0.00%
159 🇦🇼 Aruba $4B 0.00%
160 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone $4B 0.00%
161 🇸🇷 Suriname $3B 0.00%
162 🇧🇮 Burundi $3B 0.00%
163 🇧🇿 Belize $3B 0.00%
164 🇨🇫 Central
African Republic
$3B 0.00%
165 🇧🇹 Bhutan $3B 0.00%
166 🇪🇷 Eritrea $3B 0.00%
167 🇱🇸 Lesotho $3B 0.00%
168 🇨🇻 Cabo Verde $2B 0.00%
169 🇬🇲 Gambia $2B 0.00%
170 🇱🇨 Saint Lucia $2B 0.00%
171 🇹🇱 East Timor $2B 0.00%
172 🇸🇨 Seychelles $2B 0.00%
173 🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau $2B 0.00%
174 🇦🇬 Antigua & Barbuda $2B 0.00%
175 🇸🇲 San Marino $2B 0.00%
176 🇸🇧 Solomon Islands $2B 0.00%
177 🇰🇲 Comoros $1B 0.00%
178 🇬🇩 Grenada $1B 0.00%
179 🇻🇺 Vanuatu $1B 0.00%
180 🇰🇳 Saint Kitts
& Nevis
$1B 0.00%
181 🇻🇨 Saint Vincent
& the Grenadines
$1B 0.00%
182 🇼🇸 Samoa $1B 0.00%
183 🇩🇲 Dominica $1B 0.00%
184 🇸🇹 São Tomé
& Príncipe
$1B 0.00%
185 🇹🇴 Tonga $1B 0.00%
186 🇫🇲 Micronesia $0.5B 0.00%
187 🇲🇭 Marshall Islands $0.3B 0.00%
188 🇵🇼 Palau $0.3B 0.00%
189 🇰🇮 Kiribati $0.2B 0.00%
190 🇳🇷 Nauru $0.2B 0.00%
191 🇹🇻 Tuvalu $0.1B 0.00%

참고: 아프가니스탄, 레바논, 파키스탄, 스리랑카 및 시리아에 대한 예상이 2023년 IMF 데이터베이스에서 누락되었습니다.


여기 세계 각 지역의 경제 규모가 가장 큽니다.

  • 아프리카: 나이지리아 (5066억 달러)
  • 아시아: 중국 (19.4조 달러)
  • 유럽: 독일 (4조 3천억 달러)
  • 중동: 사우디아라비아 (1.1조 달러)
  • 북중미: 미국 (26.9조 달러)
  • 오세아니아: 호주 (1.7조 달러)
  • 남미: 브라질 (2조 1천억 달러)

 

2023년 경제 위축 순위

사실, 29개의 경제가 2022년 규모에서 축소되어 거의 5천억 달러의 생산 손실로 이어질 것으로 예상됩니다.

 

러시아는 올해 1,500억 달러의 위축으로 가장 큰 감소를 보일 것입니다. 이는 경제가 위축된 29개국 전체 감소의 약 3분의 1에 해당합니다.

이집트(-880억 달러)와 캐나다(-500억 달러)를 합치면 또 다른 생산량 손실의 3분의 1을 차지합니다.

이집트의 경우 2022년 중반 이후 미국 달러 대비 가치가 약 50% 하락한 자국 통화(이집트 파운드)로 인해 하락이 일부 설명될 수 있습니다.

러시아와 캐나다는 세계에서 가장 큰 석유 생산국들 중 일부이고 유가는 2022년 이후 하락했습니다. 러시아에게 더 큰 문제는 그 나라가 서방의 제재 때문에 어쩔 수 없이 석유를 급격한 할인 가격에 팔아야만 했다는 것입니다.

 

 

시각화) 세계 최대 석유 생산국, 석유생산 : OPEC 국가 VS 세계 다른 나라, 2021년 최대 석유 생산국,

세계 최대 석유 생산국 세계는 21세기의 첫 번째 에너지 위기의 한복판에 있습니다. 특히 석유, 가스, 석탄에 대한 높은 에너지 가격은 여러 나라에서 수십 년 동안 높은 인플레이션을 일으키고

investingstudy-hino87.tistory.com

다음은 매년 감소하고 있는 모든 국가의 GDP 예상 변화입니다:

 

Country Region 2022–23 Change (USD) 2022–23 Change (%)
🇷🇺 Russia Europe -$152.65B -6.9%
🇪🇬 Egypt Africa -$88.12B -18.5%
🇨🇦 Canada North America -$50.17B -2.3%
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Middle East -$46.25B -4.2%
🇧🇩 Bangladesh Asia -$39.69B -8.6%
🇳🇴 Norway Europe -$25.16B -4.3%
🇰🇼 Kuwait Middle East -$19.85B -10.8%
🇴🇲 Oman Middle East -$9.77B -8.5%
🇨🇴 Colombia South America -$9.25B -2.7%
🇦🇪 UAE Middle East -$8.56B -1.7%
🇿🇦 South Africa Africa -$6.69B -1.6%
🇬🇭 Ghana Africa -$6.22B -8.5%
🇶🇦 Qatar Middle East -$5.91B -2.6%
🇦🇴 Angola Africa -$3.54B -2.9%
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe Africa -$3.09B -9.4%
🇺🇦 Ukraine Europe -$2.79B -1.8%
🇸🇩 Sudan Africa -$2.72B -5.5%
🇮🇶 Iraq Middle East -$2.47B -0.9%
🇹🇱 East Timor Asia -$1.67B -45.7%
🇬🇦 Gabon Africa -$1.60B -7.3%
🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea Africa -$1.35B -8.2%
🇲🇼 Malawi Africa -$1.24B -9.9%
🇱🇦 Laos Asia -$1.21B -7.9%
🇧🇳 Brunei Asia -$1.13B -6.8%
🇾🇪 Yemen Middle East -$1.12B -5.4%
🇸🇸 South Sudan Africa -$0.86B -10.9%
🇧🇮 Burundi Africa -$0.66B -16.9%
🇸🇱 Sierra Leone Africa -$0.42B -10.6%
🇸🇷 Suriname South America -$0.05B -1.4%

 

IMF의 전망에 따르면 사우디아라비아, 노르웨이, 쿠웨이트, 오만이 GDP 10대 위축국에 포함된 것은 산유국의 GDP에 대한 잠재적인 영향을 더욱 강조합니다.

더 최근에는 생산자들이 가격을 높이기 위한 노력으로 공급을 줄이고 있지만, 중국 경제(세계 2위 석유 소비국)의 침체에 따른 세계 석유 수요 둔화에 대한 우려는 그럼에도 불구하고 유가를 2022년보다 낮게 유지했습니다.

 

Why are OPEC+ supply cuts failing to boost oil prices?

OPEC+, a group comprising the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and allies including Russia that pumps around 40% of the world's crude, has been cutting oil output since November in the face of flagging prices.

www.reuters.com

 

GDP 예측에 관한 각주

IMF와 같은 조직이 GDP 예측을 상당히 잘했지만 2023년 말에는 실현되지 않을 수도 있는 연초에 만들어진 예측과 가정이라는 점을 기억할 필요가 있습니다.

예를 들어 JP모건은 중국에서 광범위한 팬데믹 회복 지출에 대한 기대가 실현되지 않자 2023년 중국 실질 GDP 성장률 전망치를 이미 몇 달 만에 6번 변경했습니다.

 

Wall Street cut China’s GDP forecast many times this year. One bank adjusted 6 times

International investment firms have changed their China GDP forecasts nearly every month so far this year, with JPMorgan making six adjustments since January.

www.cnbc.com



2023년 국내총생산 성장에 대한 IMF의 예측에서 핵심적인 제거는 긴장된 유동성 상황 속에서 국가들이 성장을 억제하지 않고 인플레이션을 얼마나 잘 제한하느냐에 달려 있습니다.

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