국가 소득 수준별 사람들이 돈을 빌리는 곳, 금융기관 차입금, 친구들과 가족들로부터, 다음은?
2023. 4. 23. 13:19
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돈을 빌리기로 결정할 때, 여러분은 재정적인 도움을 받기 위해 친구들과 가족에게 의지하나요, 아니면 은행이나 카드 회사와 같은 금융 기관에 가나요?
국가 간 기준으로, 이러한 선택은 종종 금융 서비스의 가용성, 금융 리터러시 및 대출 자체에 대한 문화적 접근을 포함한 다양한 요소의 혼합에 따라 달라집니다.
Data
The 2021 edition of the Global Findex, contains updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services and digital payments, and offers insights into the behaviors that enable financial resilience.
www.worldbank.org
금융기관 차입금
위치와 소득 수준 모두에서 차입 관행을 비교하기 위해 데이터 세트는 15세 이상 응답자와 함께 그룹화된 고소득 국가를 제외한 지역별 국가의 설문 조사 결과를 특징으로 합니다.
2021년에는 고소득 경제의 대부분의 개인이 공식 금융 기관에서 돈을 빌렸습니다.
| Country | Region | Borrowed from a financial institution |
|---|---|---|
| Canada | High income | 81.01% |
| Israel | High income | 79.52% |
| Iceland | High income | 73.36% |
| Hong Kong SAR, China | High income | 70.01% |
| Korea, Rep. | High income | 68.64% |
| Norway | High income | 66.82% |
| United States | High income | 66.21% |
| Taiwan, China | High income | 61.95% |
| Switzerland | High income | 61.40% |
| Japan | High income | 61.19% |
| New Zealand | High income | 60.38% |
| Australia | High income | 57.29% |
| Austria | High income | 56.52% |
| Italy | High income | 55.01% |
| United Kingdom | High income | 54.98% |
| Germany | High income | 54.68% |
| Ireland | High income | 54.11% |
| Denmark | High income | 53.16% |
| Finland | High income | 52.98% |
| Spain | High income | 51.92% |
| Sweden | High income | 48.69% |
| Belgium | High income | 47.98% |
| France | High income | 44.37% |
| Singapore | High income | 42.82% |
| Slovenia | High income | 42.36% |
| Uruguay | High income | 42.01% |
| Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 40.75% |
| China | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 39.19% |
| Malta | High income | 38.95% |
| Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 37.84% |
| Netherlands | High income | 34.45% |
| Slovak Republic | High income | 34.41% |
| Mongolia | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 34.39% |
| Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 34.13% |
| Estonia | High income | 33.64% |
| Croatia | High income | 33.03% |
| Saudi Arabia | High income | 32.38% |
| Poland | High income | 31.92% |
| Czech Republic | High income | 31.33% |
| Cyprus | High income | 31.25% |
| Cambodia | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 30.89% |
| Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 30.81% |
| Portugal | High income | 30.44% |
| Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 29.76% |
| Russian Federation | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 29.75% |
| Thailand | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 28.26% |
| Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 26.36% |
| Armenia | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 26.17% |
| Iran, Islamic Rep. | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 25.11% |
| Chile | High income | 24.20% |
| Georgia | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 23.89% |
| Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 23.23% |
| Latvia | High income | 22.74% |
| United Arab Emirates | High income | 22.46% |
| Kenya | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 22.18% |
| North Macedonia | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 22.10% |
| Peru | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 21.95% |
| Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 21.65% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 21.30% |
| Sri Lanka | South Asia | 21.29% |
| Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 20.97% |
| Serbia | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 20.65% |
| Greece | High income | 20.11% |
| Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 20.09% |
| Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 19.30% |
| Romania | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 19.14% |
| Hungary | High income | 18.93% |
| Uganda | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 18.62% |
| South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 18.22% |
| Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 18.10% |
| Kyrgyz Republic | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 17.73% |
| Kosovo | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 17.61% |
| Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 17.46% |
| Philippines | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 17.45% |
| Liberia | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 15.42% |
| Bangladesh | South Asia | 14.22% |
| Nepal | South Asia | 14.11% |
| Malaysia | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 13.48% |
| Albania | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 13.39% |
| Moldova | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 13.18% |
| Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 12.86% |
| Tajikistan | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 12.43% |
| Paraguay | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 12.39% |
| Nicaragua | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 12.19% |
| Jamaica | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 12.04% |
| Lithuania | High income | 11.95% |
| India | South Asia | 11.79% |
| Mali | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 10.99% |
| El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 10.56% |
| Panama | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 10.39% |
| Honduras | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 10.32% |
| Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 10.27% |
| Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 9.98% |
| Tunisia | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 9.89% |
| Jordan | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 9.86% |
| Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 9.15% |
| Venezuela, RB | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 8.83% |
| Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 8.21% |
| Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 7.99% |
| Uzbekistan | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 7.50% |
| Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 7.42% |
| Ghana | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 7.40% |
| Egypt, Arab Rep. | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 7.30% |
| Myanmar | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 7.06% |
| Cameroon | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 6.99% |
| Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 6.76% |
| Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 6.66% |
| Nigeria | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 6.40% |
| Congo, Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 6.19% |
| Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 6.11% |
| Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 5.48% |
| Morocco | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 4.99% |
| West Bank and Gaza | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 4.94% |
| Tanzania | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 4.45% |
| Sierra Leone | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 4.29% |
| Cote d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 4.10% |
| Algeria | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 3.80% |
| Iraq | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 3.64% |
| Pakistan | South Asia | 3.51% |
| Lebanon | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 3.31% |
| Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 2.89% |
| South Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 2.48% |
| Afghanistan | South Asia | 2.05% |
응답자의 81%가 금융 기관에서 대출을 받아 캐나다가 1위를 차지했습니다. 반면 이스라엘(80%), 아이슬란드(73%), 홍콩(70%), 한국(69%)은 크게 뒤지지 않습니다.
이는 부유한 국가들에게 놀라운 일이 아닙니다. 이러한 국가들의 금융 서비스가 더 이용 가능하고 접근 가능하기 때문입니다. 이것은 금리와 신용 구축 기회에 대한 일반적인 이해를 포함하여 더 높은 금융 리터러시와 결합하여 금융 기관의 인기에 기여합니다.
또한, 어떤 나라들은 고려하는 문화적 관행을 가지고 있다는 것에 주목할 가치가 있습니다. 예를 들어, 일본 응답자의 61%는 친구나 가족에게 돈을 빌리는 것보다 사회적으로 더 수용 가능한 옵션인 공식 금융 기관을 사용했습니다(일본에서는 단지 6%).
친구들과 가족들로부터 빌리기
대조적으로, 저소득 경제의 더 많은 사람들이 돈을 빌리기 위해 가족과 친구들에게 접근했습니다.
공식적인 금융 기관에서 돈을 빌리는 비율이 2%에 불과한 것에 비해, 응답자의 60%가 친구와 가족에 의존하여 아프가니스탄이 이 목록에서 1위를 차지했습니다.
| Country | Region | Borrowed from family or friends |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | South Asia | 60.18% |
| Uganda | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 57.45% |
| Kenya | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 54.40% |
| Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 50.25% |
| Morocco | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 48.73% |
| Nigeria | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 44.71% |
| South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 44.54% |
| Iraq | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 44.10% |
| Cameroon | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 43.49% |
| Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 43.08% |
| Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 42.34% |
| Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 42.04% |
| Nepal | South Asia | 41.79% |
| Jordan | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 41.76% |
| Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 41.41% |
| Liberia | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 41.37% |
| Tunisia | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 41.05% |
| Philippines | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 40.82% |
| Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 40.80% |
| Iran, Islamic Rep. | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 39.80% |
| Sierra Leone | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 39.02% |
| Ghana | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 38.58% |
| Egypt, Arab Rep. | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 37.75% |
| Saudi Arabia | High income | 35.76% |
| Bangladesh | South Asia | 35.49% |
| Mali | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 35.15% |
| Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 35.14% |
| Cambodia | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 34.85% |
| Venezuela, RB | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 34.81% |
| Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 33.99% |
| West Bank and Gaza | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 33.93% |
| Thailand | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 32.83% |
| Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 32.36% |
| Moldova | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 32.18% |
| Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 32.17% |
| Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 31.30% |
| Armenia | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 31.29% |
| India | South Asia | 31.02% |
| Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 30.69% |
| Algeria | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 30.52% |
| Cote d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 30.20% |
| Albania | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 30.00% |
| Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 29.99% |
| Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 29.33% |
| Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 29.33% |
| Tanzania | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 29.24% |
| Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 29.08% |
| Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 28.85% |
| South Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 28.84% |
| Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 28.79% |
| Serbia | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 28.49% |
| Russian Federation | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 28.40% |
| Mongolia | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 27.01% |
| Kyrgyz Republic | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 27.01% |
| China | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 26.43% |
| Honduras | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 26.07% |
| Greece | High income | 25.94% |
| Kosovo | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 25.86% |
| Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 25.72% |
| Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 25.64% |
| Romania | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 25.58% |
| Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 25.24% |
| North Macedonia | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 25.14% |
| Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 24.70% |
| Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 24.66% |
| Congo, Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 24.40% |
| Lebanon | Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income) | 24.26% |
| Nicaragua | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 23.75% |
| Iceland | High income | 23.63% |
| Peru | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 23.34% |
| United Arab Emirates | High income | 23.04% |
| Myanmar | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 23.03% |
| Sri Lanka | South Asia | 22.53% |
| Paraguay | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 22.20% |
| Pakistan | South Asia | 21.87% |
| Uzbekistan | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 21.53% |
| Cyprus | High income | 20.95% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 20.94% |
| Chile | High income | 20.72% |
| Georgia | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 20.61% |
| Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) | 20.48% |
| Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 20.29% |
| Jamaica | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 20.02% |
| Tajikistan | Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 19.86% |
| Poland | High income | 19.34% |
| Norway | High income | 19.29% |
| United States | High income | 18.09% |
| Uruguay | High income | 17.60% |
| Panama | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 17.54% |
| Denmark | High income | 17.51% |
| Croatia | High income | 17.09% |
| El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) | 16.78% |
| Slovenia | High income | 16.77% |
| Latvia | High income | 16.57% |
| Australia | High income | 16.44% |
| Estonia | High income | 15.74% |
| Malaysia | East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) | 15.44% |
| Israel | High income | 15.43% |
| New Zealand | High income | 15.19% |
| Slovak Republic | High income | 15.02% |
| Germany | High income | 15.01% |
| Austria | High income | 14.41% |
| Canada | High income | 14.00% |
| Finland | High income | 13.43% |
| Czech Republic | High income | 13.41% |
| Korea, Rep. | High income | 13.16% |
| Malta | High income | 12.99% |
| Belgium | High income | 12.13% |
| Sweden | High income | 11.79% |
| Hungary | High income | 11.15% |
| Lithuania | High income | 10.65% |
| Spain | High income | 10.44% |
| France | High income | 10.42% |
| Netherlands | High income | 10.24% |
| Ireland | High income | 9.84% |
| Taiwan, China | High income | 9.70% |
| Portugal | High income | 8.22% |
| Hong Kong SAR, China | High income | 7.59% |
| Japan | High income | 6.43% |
| Switzerland | High income | 6.10% |
| United Kingdom | High income | 5.24% |
| Italy | High income | 5.06% |
| Singapore | High income | 1.89% |
우간다(57%), 케냐(54%), 나미비아(50%), 모로코(49%) 등 아프리카 국가의 많은 사람들도 금융 기관보다 친구와 가족에게 돈을 빌리는 것을 선택하고 있습니다.
이러한 선호도는 은행 및 금융 기관에 대한 신뢰 부족, 그러한 서비스에 대한 액세스 부족, 또는 그러한 서비스를 이용할 수 있는 경우 그러한 서비스에 대한 정보 부족 등 다양한 요인에 기인할 수 있습니다.
그리고 어떤 사회에서는, 친구들과 가족들로부터 돈을 빌리는 것이 문화적 규범으로 보일 수 있습니다, 특히 상호 지지와 연대가 강력한 역할을 하는 곳에서 말입니다.
다음은?
세계은행이 보는 바와 같이, 재정적 포용은 모든 국가의 발전의 중요한 토대이며, 유엔의 지속 가능한 개발 목표 중 하나이기도 합니다. 금융 포함 수준이 높아짐에 따라 사람들은 저축 플랜, 신용 수단, 온라인 결제 및 거래와 같은 서비스에 액세스할 수 있습니다.
Overview
Half of the adults around the world – around 2.5 billion people – don’t use formal financial services, and 75% of poor people are unbanked because of costs, travel distances and burdensome requirements involved in opening a financial account. While t
www.worldbank.org
그리고 국가와 금융 시스템의 약속 덕분에 은행 계좌의 글로벌 소유권이 크게 증가했습니다(그리고 COVID-19 대유행으로 인해 더욱 박차를 가했습니다). 글로벌 핀덱스 데이터베이스에 따르면 은행 계좌 소유율은 10년 전 51%에 불과했던 것이 2021년 76%로 증가했습니다.
그러나 이러한 서비스에 대한 접근은 여전히 저소득 국가, 저소득 개인, 성별에 따른 불평등한 접근과 관련하여 격차가 많습니다. 이제 차입의 미래는 국가들이 이러한 과제를 어떻게 처리하느냐에 달려 있습니다.
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